Method for obtaining a modified collagen absorbent product from leather

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining a modified collagen absorbent product from leather, which comprises aerating flat pieces of leather during a time period of between 15 and 45 days; collecting the pieces with an initial relative humidity value of 45% or less; grading the pieces by size; obtaining pieces with a maximum final length of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm; placing the pieces in a drying oven; applying heat in the drying oven so that the pieces are exposed to a temperature of 285ºC or less during a time period; controlling the temperature applied during the time period so that the relative humidity is reduced to a final value of between 0.5% and 5% in the pieces; reducing the temperature of the pieces to an ambient temperature; and obtaining the modified collagen absorbent product from leather.
公开号:ES2872673A2
申请号:ES202190046
申请日:2019-02-13
公开日:2021-11-02
发明作者:Zagal Francisco Fernando Iturriaga
申请人:Oilkontrol Products S L；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0003] Technical sector
[0005] The present invention is related to the industry dedicated to producing products to absorb substances such as hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and synthetic oils, and more specifically to the industry dedicated to producing these products from leather scraps.
[0007] State of the art
[0009] At present, the need to take care of the environment is widely known, among other ways, by absorbing harmful substances spilled. These substances include hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and synthetic oils.
[0011] Said substances are found to be detrimentally spilled in liquid media, such as, for example, oceans, seas, lakes, swamps and rivers. Likewise, these substances are found to be harmful if spilled on solid media, such as, for example, earth and cement floors or any other material for this purpose.
[0013] In order to carry out the absorption of said substances, it is known to obtain products from leather scraps. In accordance with this, initially, a method or procedure was used that basically consisted of exposing the leather remains to the open sky for drying. For this, at least one person with very simple tools was dedicated to removing said remains to standardize the drying of the leather.
[0015] This solution has the disadvantage of being dependent on climatic conditions, which makes it difficult to produce the product. Furthermore, this solution undesirably takes an extended period of time, in terms of months, to implement.
[0016] Nowadays, mainly in order to speed up the process, unnatural means are used for drying previously collected leather scraps. In addition, using non-natural means allows the drying of the leather to obtain a result that is not conditioned by climatic or geographical conditions. This solution consists of using non-natural means, such as ovens, so that the leather is exposed to temperatures above 500 ° C, which considerably accelerates drying.
[0018] This solution, however, results in the obtaining of absorbent products of poor quality, that is to say, of clearly improved quality.
[0020] In view of the described disadvantage or limitation presented by the currently existing solutions, a solution is necessary that allows obtaining the product to absorb substances such as those mentioned in a controlled manner and within acceptable periods of time, while providing good quality in the product produced.
[0022] Object of the invention
[0024] In order to meet this objective and solve the technical problems discussed so far, in addition to providing additional advantages that may be derived later, the present invention provides a method, or procedure, to obtain a modified collagen absorbent product from leather.
[0026] The present method comprises the steps of aerating flat leather pieces with a molecular structure for a period of between 15 and 45 days; collect leather pieces with an initial value of relative humidity equal to or less than 45%; carry out a classification of leather pieces by size; obtaining the leather pieces with a maximum final length of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, and preferably between 0.75 and 3 mm; put the leather pieces in a drying oven; applying heat in the drying oven so that the leather pieces are subjected to a temperature equal to or lower than 285 ° C for a period of time; control the temperature applied during the period of time so that in the leather pieces the relative humidity is reduced to a final value between 0.5 and 5%; and reduce the temperature of leather pieces to room temperature; in addition to the stage of disposing or obtaining the product from leather.
[0028] Accordingly, the modified collagen product obtained has hollow cells so that it can store or retain all kinds of hydrocarbons and oils, both vegetable and synthetic. Likewise, the modified collagen product obtained has the ability to absorb, by capillarity, said all types of hydrocarbons and oils, both vegetable and synthetic, while being hydrophobic.
[0030] Preferably, the initial value of relative humidity is equal to or less than 35%. Additionally or alternatively, the classification of the pieces by size is carried out by means of a mechanical shaking.
[0032] In the present method, leather pieces with a maximum intermediate length of between 0.3 and 3 cm are obtained before being obtained according to the maximum final length. Likewise, between obtaining the leather pieces according to the maximum intermediate length and according to the maximum final length, another classification of the pieces by size is possible, preferably by means of another mechanical shaking.
[0034] Preferably, the drying oven is made of stainless steel and / or galvanized steel. Additionally or alternatively, preferably, the drying oven has a longitudinal configuration such that the leather pieces are displaced longitudinally along it during the application of the temperature.
[0036] Also, the drying oven preferably has fins to remove and move the leather pieces along it during the application of the temperature. Additionally or alternatively, preferably, the drying oven has a particle filter arranged to collect particles generated by the application of heat to the leather pieces.
[0038] In the present method, the temperature in the drying oven can be detected so that regulation is carried out to keep the temperature of the leather pieces within a desired range.
[0039] Preferably, the period of time of application of heat is dependent on the applied temperature and the relative humidity of the leather pieces.
[0041] According to an option of the present method, before the leather pieces are introduced into the drying oven, the leather pieces have the maximum final length.
[0043] According to another option of the present method, before the leather pieces with the maximum final length are obtained, the leather pieces are obtained according to the final value of relative humidity.
[0045] Preferably, the temperature reduction is carried out by exposure to room temperature
[0047] Description of the figures
[0049] Figure 1 shows an enlarged view of collagen located in a piece of leather before applying a method to obtain a modified collagen absorbent product from leather, object of the invention.
[0051] Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the modified collagen product obtained after applying the method for obtaining a modified collagen absorbent product from leather, object of the invention.
[0053] Detailed description of the invention
[0055] The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a modified collagen absorbent product from leather. Preferably, the method involves recycling organic waste derived from a tanning process, in which collagen in the skin is stabilized by tanning agents. Thus, preferably, the method comprises a collection of pieces or shavings of leather with respect to a tannery. Thus, these pieces or shavings of leather instead of going to a landfill are used to obtain the modified collagen product.
[0057] The leather pieces are exposed in such a way that they are subjected to natural aeration for a period of time. According to this, the leather pieces are arranged parked outdoors or in the environment so that the leather pieces are in contact with nature. Optionally, the leather pieces are periodically removed to provide natural aeration evenly.
[0059] The time period for aeration is preferably between 15 and 45 days, more preferably between 20 and 40 days, and even more preferably between 22 and 33 days. The leather pieces have a starting humidity according to a starting value, which is unknown before the leather pieces are exposed to said natural aeration. Accordingly, the time period is additionally dependent on an initial value of relative humidity, so that the application of natural aeration ends with the initial value of relative humidity preferably equal to or less than 45%, more preferably equal to or less than 40%, even more preferably equal to or less than 35% and still more preferably equal to or less than 30%.
[0061] The method comprises a first classification of the pieces by size. Accordingly, the method comprises performing a first mechanical shaking so that the leather pieces are identified and selected according to a first size. This first size is defined in such a way that a maximum intermediate length of between 0.3 and 3 cm, and more preferably between 0.5 and 2 cm, is definable in each of the leather pieces.
[0063] To obtain the leather pieces according to the first size, a first reduction in the size of said pieces is applied, totally or partially. Preferably, this reduction in the size of the leather pieces is carried out by grinding them. Thus, the reduction, or grinding, is preferably applied only to leather pieces with the maximum intermediate length greater than 3 cm, and more preferably greater than 2 cm. Thus, therefore, a first uniformity is obtained in the size of the leather pieces.
[0065] The method comprises a second classification of the pieces by size. Accordingly, the method comprises performing a second mechanical shaking so that the leather pieces are identified and selected according to a second size. This second size is defined in such a way that it is definable in each one of the leather pieces a maximum final length of between 0.5 and 5 mm, and more preferably between 0.75 and 3 mm.
[0067] To obtain the leather pieces according to the second size, a second reduction in the size of said pieces is applied, totally or partially. Preferably, this reduction in the size of the leather pieces is carried out by grinding them again. In this case, an impact crusher is used. Thus, the reduction, or grinding, is preferably applied only to leather pieces with the maximum final length greater than 5 mm, and more preferably greater than 3 mm. Thus, therefore, a second uniformity in the size of the leather pieces is obtained.
[0069] Carrying out the first classification and the second classification, in addition to the first and second reduction of the size of the leather pieces, provides a total or practically total uniformity in the final size obtained. The more uniform the size of the leather pieces, the more uniform the quality of the final product obtained. In the case of applying only one of said classifications, together with the corresponding reduction, the leather pieces are also obtainable according to an appropriate size, with a total application time of the present method being reduced.
[0071] The method comprises carrying out a dehydration of the leather pieces. For this, the leather pieces are introduced into a drying oven. Accordingly, in the drying oven the leather pieces are subjected to hot air flows. Preferably air is applied so that the leather pieces are arranged in leather with a temperature range between 120 ° C and 285 ° C, more preferably between 155 ° C and 250 ° C, and even more preferably between 185 ° C. C and 220 ° C.
[0073] In order to ensure the temperature of the leather pieces during their dehydration, a control of the oven temperature is carried out so that the temperature of the leather pieces is maintained according to one of the previously indicated temperature ranges. . Preferably, this control is carried out according to different points of a part containing said pieces of leather.
[0074] The drying oven used is elongated, that is, it has a longitudinal configuration for a progressive and continuous advance or displacement of the leather pieces from one end of the drying oven to another end thereof. Likewise, in correspondence with the containment part of the leather pieces during their dehydration, the aforementioned oven comprises fins with a double function.
[0076] On the one hand, the fins are arranged in such a way that, together with a rotational displacement of the containment part with respect to an imaginary central longitudinal axis of the containment part of the leather pieces during their dehydration, they move the leather pieces to along the longitudinal extent of said containment part.
[0078] On the other hand, the flaps are arranged in such a way that, together with a rotational displacement of the containment part with respect to its imaginary central longitudinal axis, they remove the leather pieces from each other for a uniform exposure of these to the hot air flows. .
[0080] Accordingly, preferably, the furnace is arranged in a horizontal or substantially horizontal arrangement, according to said imaginary central longitudinal axis of the part for containing the leather pieces during their dewatering.
[0082] The drying oven used is preferably made of stainless steel and / or galvanized steel. In other words, the oven is constituted or manufactured according to materials resistant to oxidation generated by moisture or steam resulting from the drying of the leather pieces. Additionally, using the drying oven being composed of stainless steel and / or galvanized steel provides an adequate movement of the leather pieces along it.
[0084] Likewise, in order to contribute to caring for the environment, the drying oven has filtering means, such as a particle filter. In this way, the oven is configured to filter gases and removable fluids in the drying of the leather pieces. Thus, harmful residues or substances are prevented from polluting the environment. Accordingly, the present method comprises obtaining the modified collagen product in a clean and sustainable way, since the means of Filtering means that only a water vapor product of drying spreads to the environment.
[0086] This stage of drying or dehydration of the leather pieces is carried out in such a way that their relative humidity is reduced to a final value preferably between 0.5% and 8%, more preferably between 0.9% and 5%. 5%, and even more preferably between 1.5% and 4%, and still more preferably 3%, or about 3%.
[0088] The leather pieces comprise collagen fibers. Figure 1 shows an enlarged view of one of the leather pieces before the application of the present method, so that a location of the collagen fibers therein is appreciable.
[0090] Collagen has physical properties, among which is hydrophilicity, according to which it turns out to have a tendency to interact with or dissolve in water, or another polar substance. These molecules are capable of hydrogen bonding and are generally polarized. Polar and nonpolar molecules are known as hydrophilic and hydrophobic, respectively.
[0092] Also, collagen is hydrophilic or hydrophilic, that is, it is a substance that has an affinity for water. In a solution or colloid, the hydrophilic molecules are themselves lipophobic; that is, they cannot be mixed with lipids or fats.
[0094] Accordingly, the described drying or dehydration step results in a denaturation of the collagen fiber of the leather pieces. This denaturation entails an alteration or modification of an internal and proper structure of collagen.
[0096] Drying, or dehydration, is carried out giving rise to this modification by breaking a chain of collagen itself, changing its molecular structure in such a way that it ceases to have the physical property of hydrophilicity so that collagen becomes, of based on a hydrophobic, physicochemical context. In this way, collagen is modified in such a way that it is repelled by water, as well as immiscible. with the water. Thus, the product obtained is endowed with a floating capacity in water.
[0098] Likewise, this modification results in the collagen behaving as hollow cells (C) so that they can absorb, by capillarity, and store or retain all types of hydrocarbons and oils, both vegetable and synthetic. See figure 2.
[0100] Thus, collagen acquires properties that make it an oleophilic substance or product, in addition to being hydrophobic. The modified collagen product obtained has an absorption capacity of up to 8 times its weight, according to ASTM F / 726 analysis.
[0102] Additionally, the modified collagen product obtained has a specific gravity of approximately 0.8 or 0.9, an ash content of approximately 4% and inert matter of approximately 0.5%.
[0104] Accordingly, the modified collagen absorbent product obtained is also flame retardant; In other words, it does not generate flames, carbonizing at 280 ° C; and, biodegradable.
[0106] In order to provide an improved generation of the hollow cells (C), the leather pieces, once they have the relative humidity according to the desired final value, are left to rest at room temperature for progressive and continuous cooling.
[0108] Once the temperature of the leather pieces corresponds to the ambient temperature, preferably between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, the leather pieces, or the absorbing product of collagen modified from leather, is ready to be packaged, stored and / or transported for distribution.
[0110] The packaging is preferably carried out in such a way that the absorbent product of collagen modified from leather is arranged in sacks. These bags also comprise recycled paper.
[0111] According to an exemplary embodiment, and in accordance with the steps described, an acquisition of raw material is initially carried out, that is, the collection of the leather pieces or shavings. Afterwards, the raw material is placed in the open for the corresponding period of time so that the natural aeration of said raw material takes place.
[0113] Likewise, preferably, after natural aeration fulfilling the conditions described above, the raw material is collected and subjected to the first size classification previously described. Accordingly, the first mechanical shaking is carried out so that the leather pieces are identified and selected according to the first size.
[0115] After the first classification, the raw material is introduced into a large capacity accumulator or dosing feeder, preferably of at least 1,000 Kg (kilograms or kilograms), more preferably of at least 1,500 Kg, and even more preferably of at least 2,000 Kg. .
[0117] Preferably by means of an endless screw, the raw material is transferred from the accumulator or dosing feeder to the drying oven. This transfer is carried out in a dosed manner. Once in the drying oven, the raw material is kept in it until the relative humidity reaches the final value according to what has been previously described.
[0119] Then, once said final value is reached, the raw material is transported to be crushed so that the first size reduction is carried out, preferably by means of a crusher. Preferably this other grinder is known as a TT-160 grinder. This transport is preferably carried out through one or more rubber belts.
[0121] After the first reduction, the resulting leather product is conveyed to be shredded so that the second size reduction is carried out, preferably by another shredder. Preferably this other crusher is known as an impact crusher. This transport is preferably carried out through one or more rubber belts in the "L" position.
[0122] After said second size reduction, said leather product is obtained according to the second size. Accordingly, this leather product ground according to the desired maximum final length is displaced, preferably by another worm, to an additional rubber belt. Thus, the shredded leather product is distributed to one, two or more silos so that it is stored waiting to be packed or packed.
[0124] Subsequently, the shredded leather product is transported, preferably by means comprising an endless screw, to the means to be packed or packed. Once the shredded leather product, which obviously corresponds to the modified collagen product, has been packed or packaged, it is ready to be distributed to intermediate or final consumers.
[0126] In view of the exemplary embodiment described, it is clear that the described steps can be carried out according to different orders of succession. Likewise, some of them are even deletable, such as the first classification, the first reduction, the second classification and / or the second reduction, depending on the size of the leather pieces so that they are obtained according to the second size. .
[0128] Likewise, the drying or dehydration stage can take place before or after obtaining the leather pieces according to the aforementioned second size.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
1 Method to obtain a modified collagen absorbent product from leather, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- aerate flat leather pieces with a molecular structure for a period of between 15-45 days;
- collect leather pieces with an initial value of relative humidity equal to or less than 45%;
- carry out a classification of the leather pieces by size;
- obtain the leather pieces with a maximum final length of between 0.5-1.5 mm;
- put the leather pieces in a drying oven;
- apply heat in the drying oven so that the leather pieces are subjected to a temperature equal to or lower than 285 ° C for a period of time;
- control the temperature applied during the period of time so that in the leather pieces the relative humidity is reduced to a final value between 0.5-5%;
- reduce the temperature of the leather pieces to room temperature;
- have the absorbent product of collagen modified from leather.
[2]
2. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial value of relative humidity is equal to or less than 35%.
[3]
3. - Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the classification of the pieces by size is carried out by means of a mechanical shaking.
[4]
4 - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the leather pieces are obtained with a maximum intermediate length of between 0.3-3 cm before being obtained according to the maximum final length.
[5]
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that between obtaining the leather pieces according to the maximum intermediate length and according to the maximum final length, another classification of the pieces by size is carried out by means of another mechanical shaking.
[6]
6. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the maximum final length obtained is between 0.75-3 mm.
[7]
7. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drying oven is made of stainless steel and / or galvanized steel.
[8]
8. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drying oven has a longitudinal configuration so that the leather pieces are displaced longitudinally along it during the application of temperature.
[9]
9. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the drying oven has fins to remove and move the leather pieces along it during the application of temperature.
[10]
10. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the temperature is detected in the drying oven so that a regulation is carried out to maintain the temperature of the leather pieces within a desired range.
[11]
11. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drying oven has a particle filter arranged to collect particles generated by the application of heat to the leather pieces.
[12]
12. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the period of time of application of heat is dependent on the applied temperature and the relative humidity of the leather pieces.
[13]
13. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that before the leather pieces are introduced into the drying oven, the leather pieces have the maximum final length.
[14]
14. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that before the leather pieces are obtained with the maximum final length, the leather pieces are obtained according to the final value of relative humidity.
[15]
15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the temperature reduction is carried out by exposure to room temperature.

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引用文献:

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FR2383224B1|1977-03-11|1980-09-05|Inst Francais Du Petrole|

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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PCT/ES2019/070079|WO2020165467A1|2019-02-13|2019-02-13|Method for obtaining a modified collagen absorbent product from leather|

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